In humans division of chromosomes is as under:
Correct answer: D. 22 pairs of autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes
- A. 23 autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes
- B. 22 autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes
- C. 23 pairs of autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes
- D. 22 pairs of autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes
Explanation
Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs. Out of these, 22 pairs are known as autosomes, and they are the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes, which differ between males (XY) and females (XX). Option D correctly identifies this organization. Option A incorrectly suggests there are 23 individual autosomes instead of pairs. Option B states there are 22 individual autosomes, which is also incorrect. Option C erroneously suggests there are 23 pairs of autosomes, omitting the fact that one pair is actually sex chromosomes.
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Mendel's laws explain segregation, independent assortment and the prediction of genetic ratios using alleles, genotypes and phenotypes. The chapter also covers linked genes, recombination and crossing over during meiosis, then applies pedigree reasoning to X-linked recessive traits, which show different inheritance patterns in males and females.
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