In HIV, reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded RNA into double-stranded viral DNA. This process is called

Explanation

In HIV, the enzyme reverse transcriptase is essential for converting single-stranded viral RNA into double-stranded DNA, a process known as reverse transcription. This newly formed DNA can then integrate into the host genome, allowing the virus to replicate. The other options are incorrect: transcription involves making RNA from DNA, translation refers to protein synthesis from mRNA, and replication is the process of duplicating DNA. Therefore, reverse transcription is the only option that accurately describes the action of reverse transcriptase in HIV.