In a metal ceramic crown for a FPD the function of tin, indium which are readily oxidized minor constituents is to________________?
Correct answer: A. Improve bonding
- A. Improve bonding
- B. Decrease porosity
- C. They react with the porcelain opaque layer, which masks the metal
- D. Improves the thermal expansion between the metal and porcelain
Explanation
Tin and indium preferentially oxidize at the alloy surface, forming oxides that chemically bond with the porcelain opaque layer. Their principal role is therefore to improve metal-ceramic bonding, not primarily to adjust thermal expansion.
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