In a case-control study, the odds ratio for a past exposure is 3.0. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
Correct answer: B. Cases have three times the odds of past exposure
- A. Exposed people have three times the disease incidence
- B. Cases have three times the odds of past exposure
- C. The exposure causes exactly three extra cases
- D. Three percent of exposed people develop disease
Explanation
An odds ratio of 3.0 means the odds of previous exposure are three times higher among cases than controls. It does not by itself prove causation or give the disease incidence.
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About Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Epidemiology examines the distribution and causes of disease by person, place and time, using measures such as incidence, prevalence, mortality and case-fatality rates. Biostatistics covers data presentation, sampling, averages, variability, probability and interpretation of study results, while distinguishing association from causation.
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