If volume of a system is kept constant and heat is supplied to the system then
Correct answer: A. internal energy of the system increases and no work is done on the surrounding
- A. internal energy of the system increases and no work is done on the surrounding
- B. internal energy of the system increases and work is done on the surrounding
- C. no change in internal energy occurs
- D. no work is done on the surrounding
Explanation
When the volume of a system is kept constant, the process is called isovolumic or constant volume. In this case, the work done by or on the system is zero because there is no change in the volume. Work is given by the formula:W = -PΔVWhere W is the work, P is the pressure, and ΔV is the change in volume. Since the volume remains constant (ΔV = 0), the work done is zero.Now, let's consider the heat supplied to the system. According to the first law of thermodynamics, also known as the conservation of energy, the change in internal energy (ΔU) of a closed system is equal to the heat supplied to the system (Q) minus the work done by the system (W):ΔU = Q - WSince the work done (W) is zero in this case, the equation becomes:ΔU = QThis means that when heat is supplied to the system with a constant volume, the internal energy of the system increases.So, the correct answer is:a. internal energy of the system increases and no work is done on the surrounding
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Thermochemistry measures energy changes in chemical reactions and distinguishes exothermic from endothermic processes. Work covers systems, surroundings and state functions, internal energy, the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy and Hess's law, including the sign conventions used when heat enters or leaves a system.
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