Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of:
Correct answer: C. Escherichia
- A. Rhizobium
- B. Saccharomyces
- C. Escherichia
- D. Mycobacterium
Explanation
Insulin is now being commercially produced by genetic engineering. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bonds. Insulin in mammals is synthesized as a prohormone which contains an extra stretch called the C-peptide. During maturation, this C-peptide is removed. The production of insulin could only have been commercially possible if somehow the maturation process of C-peptide could've been skipped.This problem was solved in 1988 by Eli Lilly, an American company that prepared functional insulin from two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E.coli to produce insulin chains. In this way, chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to get human insulin.
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Biotechnology in health care applies biological organisms, cells or enzymes to diagnose and treat disease. The subject includes recombinant DNA, genetically engineered insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, while distinguishing therapeutic applications from agricultural and industrial biotechnology.
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