How do enzymes enable the conversion of substrates into products by?

Explanation

Enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions, enabling them to occur more rapidly and efficiently. They do this by providing a specially shaped active site that binds substrates in an optimal orientation, stabilizing the transition state so less energy is required to reach it. Additionally, enzymes can induce strain in substrate molecules, making bonds easier to break and facilitating the reaction. This reduction in activation energy accelerates reaction rates, allowing vital cellular processes to occur quickly enough to sustain life.