Homeostasis is best defined as
Correct answer: C. the maintenance of a constant internal environment despite changes outside the body
- A. the total of all chemical reactions in the body
- B. the removal of metabolic waste from the body
- C. the maintenance of a constant internal environment despite changes outside the body
- D. the growth of an organism to a fixed adult size
Explanation
Homeostasis keeps temperature, water potential, blood glucose and pH within narrow limits, because enzymes work properly only over a small range of these conditions. It operates by negative feedback, in which a departure from the set point triggers a correction that returns the value towards normal. Excretion is one of the processes that contributes to it, not a synonym for it.
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The kidney and urinary system remove nitrogenous wastes, regulate water and ion balance, and help maintain blood pH through filtration, selective reabsorption and secretion. Questions cover nephron structure, ultrafiltration, the loop of Henle, collecting ducts, urine formation and the roles of ADH and aldosterone, while distinguishing excretion from egestion.
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