Fundamental ideas of modern celestial mechanics were established by:

Explanation

Sir Isaac Newton's work, especially outlined in his monumental work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), published in 1687, established the fundamental principles of celestial mechanics. Newton formulated the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, which explained not only how objects move on Earth but also how celestial bodies interact with each other. His laws provided a unified and comprehensive theory that explained the motion of planets, moons, and other celestial bodies in our solar system.