Fetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by:

Explanation

Note: Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex. This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin. The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions. This leads to expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal.The correct option is: b) Fully developed foetus and placenta.Explanation of each option:a) Release of oxytocin from pituitary:While oxytocin plays a crucial role in childbirth (parturition) by stimulating uterine contractions during labor, it is not directly responsible for the foetal ejection reflex. Oxytocin is released from the maternal pituitary gland and helps facilitate the progression of labor and delivery of the baby, but it is not the primary trigger for the foetal ejection reflex.b) Fully developed foetus and placenta:This is the correct option. The foetal ejection reflex, also known as the Ferguson reflex, is a natural response triggered by the presence of a fully developed foetus and placenta. As the foetus reaches full term and is ready for delivery, certain signals from the fully developed foetus and placenta activate the maternal body's natural reflexes, leading to a strong urge to push during the second stage of labor. This reflex helps facilitate the delivery of the baby through the birth canal and into the world.c) Differentiation of mammary glands:The differentiation of mammary glands, which involves changes in breast tissue to prepare for lactation, is not directly related to the foetal ejection reflex. While lactation is a critical process after childbirth, it is not the trigger for the foetal ejection reflex during labor and delivery.d) Pressure exerted by amniotic fluid:The pressure exerted by amniotic fluid is not the primary cause of the foetal ejection reflex. The amniotic fluid serves as a protective cushion for the developing foetus during pregnancy but is not directly involved in the mechanism of the foetal ejection reflex during childbirth.In summary, option (b) Fully developed foetus and placenta is correct. The foetal ejection reflex is induced by the presence of a fully developed foetus and placenta, leading to a natural urge to push during labor and facilitate the delivery of the baby.