Existence of boundary layer in fluid flow is because of the_________________?
Correct answer: A. Fluid viscosity
- A. Fluid viscosity
- B. Fluid density
- C. Surface tension
- D. Gravity forces
Explanation
A boundary layer forms because viscosity enforces the no-slip condition at the wall and creates strong velocity gradients near the surface. Density, gravity, and surface tension do not produce the basic boundary-layer effect in ordinary pipe or external flow.
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