Ethanal is prepared industrially by air oxidation of ethylene using palladium chloride as catalyst and _ as promoter?
Correct answer: C. CuCl2
- A. PdCl2
- B. PbCl2
- C. CuCl2
- D. None of the above
Explanation
The Wacker process is the industrial method for producing ethanal from ethylene. This process uses a homogeneous catalyst system consisting of palladium chloride (PdCl₂), copper chloride (CuCl₂), and water. While PdCl₂ acts as the primary catalyst, promoting the oxidation of ethylene, CuCl₂ plays a crucial role as a promoter. Its role includes:Stabilizing the PdCl₂ catalyst: CuCl₂ helps prevent the reduction of Pd²⁺ to Pd⁰, which would deactivate the catalyst.Improving the reaction rate: CuCl₂ participates in the catalytic cycle, facilitating the oxidation of ethylene.Regenerating the PdCl₂ catalyst: CuCl₂ can react with any reduced Pd⁰ formed during the reaction, regenerating the active Pd²⁺ species.Therefore, CuCl₂ plays a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of the Wacker process, making it the optimal promoter for this reaction.
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About Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and ketones contain the polar carbonyl group, but aldehydes are generally more readily oxidised and more reactive than ketones. Coverage includes preparation by oxidation or reduction routes, nucleophilic addition of reagents such as hydrogen cyanide and bisulfite, and tests that distinguish aldehydes from ketones.
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