During successions, the first organisms that develop on bare rock are:

Explanation

Lichens: This option is the correct answer. Lichens are the first organisms that typically colonize and establish on bare rock during primary succession. Lichens are a symbiotic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They can tolerate extreme environmental conditions and play a vital role in breaking down rock surfaces, contributing to the formation of soil for other plants to establish.