Due to which of the following forces present, is aquatic life protected in cold climate?
Correct answer: C. H-bonding.
- A. Dipole dipole forces.
- B. Debye forces.
- C. H-bonding.
- D. London dispersion forces.
Explanation
Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and another electronegative atom in a different molecule. In the case of antifreeze proteins, these proteins contain regions that are rich in amino acids that can form hydrogen bonds with ice crystals. When the protein binds to the surface of an ice crystal, it prevents further growth of the crystal by inhibiting the addition of more water molecules to the crystal lattice. This allows the organism to survive in sub-zero temperatures by preventing ice from forming inside its cells and causing damage to its tissues.
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About Anomalous Behaviour of Water
Water expands when cooled below 4°C and when it freezes, giving liquid water its maximum density at 4°C. The explanation depends on hydrogen bonding and the open structure of ice, which makes ice less dense than water and allows it to float.
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