Dolly the sheep was produced by
Correct answer: B. transferring the nucleus of an adult body cell into an enucleated egg cell
- A. fertilising an egg in a test tube
- B. transferring the nucleus of an adult body cell into an enucleated egg cell
- C. inserting a human gene into a sheep embryo
- D. splitting a very early embryo into two
Explanation
Somatic cell nuclear transfer showed for the first time that the nucleus of a fully differentiated adult cell can be reprogrammed to direct the development of a whole new animal. The lamb was genetically identical to the sheep that donated the nucleus rather than to the egg donor or the surrogate mother. Splitting an early embryo also gives clones, but that is how natural identical twins arise, not how Dolly was made.
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Biotechnology applies genetic engineering, cell culture and recombinant DNA methods to medicine and public health. The material includes production of insulin, vaccines and antibiotics, diagnostic techniques, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms and the ethical concerns surrounding manipulation of human genes.
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