"Descent with modification" was given by:

Explanation

Descent with modification is one of the fundamental ideas behind Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin believed in perceived unity in life, with all organisms related through descent from some common ancestor that lived in the remote past. In the Darwinian view, the history of life is like a tree, with multiple branching and branching from a common trunk all the way to the tips of the living twigs, symbolic of the current diversity of organisms. At each fork of the evolutionary tree is an ancestor common to all lines of evolutionary branching from that fork.