Consider the following reaction of Grignard reagent with methanal (a carbonyl compound) followed by hydrolysis:
Correct answer: C. Nucleophilic addition reaction
- A. Electrophilic addition reaction
- B. β-elimination
- C. Nucleophilic addition reaction
- D. Nucleophilic substitution reaction
Explanation
The reaction of a Grignard reagent with methanal (formaldehyde) followed by hydrolysis is a nucleophilic addition reaction. A nucleophile is a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to form a new bond. In this reaction, the Grignard reagent acts as the nucleophile and donates a pair of electrons to the carbonyl carbon atom of formaldehyde. This forms a new C-C bond, and the hydrogen atom from the Grignard reagent is transferred to the oxygen atom.The resulting molecule is an unstable intermediate called an alkoxide ion. This ion is then hydrolyzed by water, which removes the oxygen atom and replaces it with a hydroxyl group. The final product of the reaction is an alcohol. Therefore, option c is correct.
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About Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are named and related to their carbon-halogen structure, polarity and reactivity. The key reactions are nucleophilic substitution by SN1 and SN2 mechanisms and elimination by E1 and E2 mechanisms, including how substrate structure, nucleophile, base, solvent and temperature influence substitution versus elimination.
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