Choose the correct statement for the energy band structure of a semiconductor:
Correct answer: B. At absolute zero temperature, the conduction band of semiconductor is totally empty and valance band is totally filled
- A. At absolute zero temperature, the conduction band of a semiconductor is completely filled and the valence band is totally empty.
- B. At absolute zero temperature, the conduction band of semiconductor is totally empty and valance band is totally filled
- C. At absolute zero temperature, both conduction band and valence band of a semiconductor are totally empty.
- D. At absolute zero temperature, both conduction band and valence band of a semiconductor are completely filled.
Explanation
At absolute zero temperature (0 K), a semiconductor behaves like an insulator. The valence band, which is the highest energy band that can be filled, is completely occupied by electrons. Meanwhile, the conduction band, which is the energy band above the valence band, remains completely empty because electrons lack the thermal energy required to jump to it. Therefore, Option B is correct. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they either suggest that the conduction band is filled or the valence band is empty, which contradicts the behavior of semiconductors at absolute zero.
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