Chlorination of water may be harmful if the water contains_________________?
Correct answer: A. Ammonia
- A. Ammonia
- B. Dissolved oxygen
- C. Carbon dixide
- D. All
Explanation
Ammonia reacts with chlorine to form chloramines, which can be toxic and cause unpleasant odours and irritation. Dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide do not produce this characteristic harmful chloramine problem, so b is the likely distractor.
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An ideal gas is modelled as particles with negligible volume and no intermolecular attraction, obeying Boyle's, Charles's and Avogadro's laws through PV = nRT. Real gases deviate from this behaviour, especially at high pressure and low temperature, because particle volume and attractive forces matter; the van der Waals equation explains these corrections.
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