By product produced during hydrolysis of alkane nitrile in basic medium is:

Explanation

Option A is correct.The by-product produced during the hydrolysis of alkane nitrile in a basic medium is ammonia (NH3). When an alkane nitrile is hydrolyzed in a basic medium, the nitrogen atom is converted to an ammonium ion (NH4+). The ammonium ion is then neutralized by a hydroxide ion (OH-) to form ammonia gas (NH3). Here are the steps of the reaction: The nitrogen atom in the alkane nitrile is attracted to the hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base. The hydroxide ion abstracts a proton from the nitrogen atom. As a result, the nitrogen atom becomes positively charged and is converted to an ammonium ion (NH4+). The ammonium ion (NH4+) is then neutralized by another hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base. The neutralization reaction produces water (H2O) and ammonia gas (NH3). The overall reaction of the hydrolysis of alkane nitrile in a basic medium is: R-CN + H2O → R-COOH + NH3 Where R is an alkyl group.