By product produced during hydrolysis of alkane nitrile in basic medium is:
Correct answer: A. NH3
- A. NH3
- B. (NH4)2 SO4
- C. NH4CI
- D. NH4NO3
Explanation
Option A is correct.The by-product produced during the hydrolysis of alkane nitrile in a basic medium is ammonia (NH3). When an alkane nitrile is hydrolyzed in a basic medium, the nitrogen atom is converted to an ammonium ion (NH4+). The ammonium ion is then neutralized by a hydroxide ion (OH-) to form ammonia gas (NH3). Here are the steps of the reaction: The nitrogen atom in the alkane nitrile is attracted to the hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base. The hydroxide ion abstracts a proton from the nitrogen atom. As a result, the nitrogen atom becomes positively charged and is converted to an ammonium ion (NH4+). The ammonium ion (NH4+) is then neutralized by another hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base. The neutralization reaction produces water (H2O) and ammonia gas (NH3). The overall reaction of the hydrolysis of alkane nitrile in a basic medium is: R-CN + H2O → R-COOH + NH3 Where R is an alkyl group.
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Carboxylic acids are named and studied through the combined effects of the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, their preparation, acidity and hydrogen bonding. Reactions include neutralisation, esterification, reduction and conversion into acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides, with emphasis on how these derivatives interconvert.
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