Bottlenecks increase the effect of which of the following?
Correct answer: C. Genetic diversity
- A. Genetic linkage
- B. Genetic expression
- C. Genetic diversity
- D. Gene pool
Explanation
Population bottlenecks significantly affect the gene pool by drastically reducing the number of individuals and thus the genetic variation within a population. This reduction can lead to an increase in genetic drift, where allele frequencies change unpredictably, potentially causing some alleles to disappear completely while others become more prevalent. Over time, these changes can lead to a population that is genetically distinct from the original group, sometimes resulting in speciation. Genetic linkage and genetic expression are not directly impacted by bottlenecks in the same way, as they are more related to chromosomal features and gene functionality, respectively. Meanwhile, genetic diversity is reduced by bottlenecks, not increased.
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Evolution is the heritable change in populations over generations, driven by mutation, recombination, natural selection, genetic drift and reproductive isolation. Questions examine variation, adaptation, survival and reproduction, speciation, fossil and anatomical evidence, and the difference between individual acclimatization and evolutionary change in a population.
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