Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:
Correct answer: C. self-serving bias
- A. learned helplessness
- B. the spotlight effect
- C. self-serving bias
- D. an Electra complex
Explanation
Self-serving bias involves taking personal credit for success but blaming external factors for failure, such as officials after a loss. Learned helplessness is giving up after repeated uncontrollable failure, while the spotlight effect concerns overestimating how much others notice us.
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