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An example of a homologous organ is represented best by which of the following?

Correct answer: C. The arm of a human, the wing of a bat

  • A. Wing of an insect, wing of a bird
  • B. Leg of a dog, leg of a spider
  • C. The arm of a human, the wing of a bat
  • D. All of these

Explanation

The correct answer is Option C: The arm of a human and the wing of a bat are homologous organs. Both structures originate from the forelimbs of a common ancestor, sharing a similar bone structure pattern-humerus, radius, ulna, and phalanges-despite their different functions in each species. This demonstrates divergent evolution, where evolution has modified these structures for different functions in different environments.Options A and B are incorrect because they describe analogous structures, which serve similar functions but do not have a common evolutionary origin. Option D is incorrect because not all options describe homologous organs.

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Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.

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