An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30º to a non-uniform electric field. The dipole experiences:
Correct answer: A. A torque as well as a translational force
- A. A torque as well as a translational force
- B. A torque only
- C. A translational force only in the direction of the field
- D. A translational force only in the direction normal to the direction of the field
Explanation
The correct answer is that the dipole experiences both a torque and a translational force. When a dipole is placed at an angle in a non-uniform electric field, the electric field exerts forces on the separated charges of the dipole, leading to the generation of a torque that attempts to align the dipole with the field. Simultaneously, the non-uniform nature of the field causes a translational force on the dipole, moving it towards regions of stronger field intensity. This is due to the field's gradient, which causes a net force on the dipole.Option B is incorrect because it ignores the translational force. Option C is incorrect because it suggests that only a translational force is present, ignoring torque. Option D is incorrect because it mischaracterizes the direction of the translational force and also ignores torque.
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Electrostatics describes forces between charges through Coulomb's law, electric fields and field intensity, then uses electric potential to measure energy per unit charge. Capacitors store charge and electrical energy, with capacitance depending on geometry and dielectric material, not simply on the amount of charge present.
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