Asked in ETEA MDCAT 2012 2012Moderate

An Azeotropic mixture of two miscible liquids boils at a lower temperature than its components when:

Correct answer: B. The system shows a positive deviation from Raoult's law.

  • A. The system shows a negative deviation from Raoult's law.
  • B. The system shows a positive deviation from Raoult's law.
  • C. The system perfectly obeys Raoult's law
  • D. Both (A) and (B)

Explanation

An azeotropic mixture is a combination of liquids that behave as a single substance with a consistent boiling point and consistent vapor and liquid phase compositions at a given pressure. When a system shows a positive deviation from Raoult's law, the intermolecular forces between different components are weaker compared to those in an ideal solution. This results in a lower boiling point as the total vapor pressure is higher than predicted by Raoult's law. Hence, the azeotropic mixture boils at a lower temperature than any of its pure components. In contrast, a negative deviation would indicate stronger intermolecular forces, leading to a higher boiling point.Therefore, Option B is correct because it describes the situation where a positive deviation results in a lower boiling point for the azeotropic mixture.

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Liquid behavior depends on intermolecular forces, which produce surface tension, viscosity, capillary action and a definite volume without a fixed shape. The topic also covers vapor pressure, evaporation, boiling point and the effect of temperature and external pressure, while distinguishing evaporation at the surface from boiling throughout the liquid.

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