Moderate

All the hydrolytic reactions are:

Correct answer: D. Pseudo-first order

  • A. First order
  • B. Third order
  • C. Second order
  • D. Pseudo-first order

Explanation

Option D, "Pseudo-first order," is correct for hydrolytic reactions. Hydrolytic reactions can involve multiple steps and species, making it difficult to define a fixed order of reaction. In some cases, one of the reactants (often water) is present in large excess, effectively keeping its concentration nearly constant. This leads to a situation where the reaction appears to be first-order with respect to the other reactant. This is why hydrolytic reactions are often treated as pseudo-first order, meaning they behave as if they are first-order reactions even though they may not strictly meet the criteria for a true first-order reaction. Options A, B, and C, which refer to first, third, and second order reactions respectively, are not generally applicable to hydrolytic reactions due to their complex nature involving multiple species and steps.

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Reaction kinetics relates reaction rate to concentration, temperature, surface area and catalysts. Questions cover rate laws, reaction order, rate constants, activation energy and the activated complex, including how a catalyst lowers the activation energy without changing the overall energy change or equilibrium position.

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