Alkyl halides have higher boiling points than the corresponding alkanes because
Correct answer: D. they are polar and have greater molar mass, so intermolecular forces are stronger
- A. they contain hydrogen bonds
- B. they are ionic
- C. their molecules are lighter
- D. they are polar and have greater molar mass, so intermolecular forces are stronger
Explanation
The polar carbon to halogen bond adds dipole to dipole attraction on top of the dispersion forces, and the heavy halogen atom increases those dispersion forces as well, so more energy is needed to separate the molecules. Boiling point rises from the fluoride to the iodide for the same alkyl group. Hydrogen bonding is not possible because hydrogen is not bonded to fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen here.
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About Nomenclature, Structure and Reactivity
Alkyl halides are named by selecting the longest carbon chain and locating the halogen substituent, while their structures are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary. Their reactivity includes nucleophilic substitution and elimination, with the behaviour of leaving groups and the distinction between SN1 and SN2 mechanisms linked to substrate structure.
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