Across the first transition series from scandium to zinc, the atomic radius
Correct answer: C. changes very little, because the added d electrons shield the increased nuclear charge well
- A. increases sharply
- B. decreases sharply
- C. changes very little, because the added d electrons shield the increased nuclear charge well
- D. first increases then decreases sharply
Explanation
Each element adds a proton and a d electron, and because that electron enters an inner subshell it shields the outer 4s electrons effectively, so the net attraction on them barely changes. This near constancy is what makes transition metals so readily interchangeable in alloys. The contrast with the sharp contraction across a p block period is the point of the question.
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About Electronic Structure of d-Block Elements
The electronic structure of d-block elements covers the filling of the (n-1)d and ns orbitals, general electronic configurations, and the exceptions shown by chromium and copper. It explains how partially filled d orbitals produce variable oxidation states, coloured ions, magnetic behaviour and complex formation, while distinguishing transition elements from elements with completely filled d subshells.
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