According to Usanovich concept a base is defined as any species
Correct answer: D. All of the above
- A. Capable of giving up anions
- B. Combining with cations
- C. Neutralizing an acid to give a salt
- D. All of the above
Explanation
The Usanovich concept defines a base as any species that can donate anions, accept cations, or neutralize acids to form a salt. This broad definition includes all the actions described in Options A, B, and C. Option A correctly indicates that a base can donate anions. Option B highlights the acceptance of cations, which is also a characteristic of bases. Option C is valid because neutralizing an acid is a classical behavior of bases. Therefore, Option D is the most comprehensive choice as it includes all these possible actions of a base under the Usanovich concept.
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About Acids, Bases and Salts
Acid and base behaviour is explained through the Bronsted-Lowry transfer of protons and the Lewis donation or acceptance of electron pairs. The topic includes pH, pOH, ionisation and water equilibrium, plus salt formation and hydrolysis, where a salt solution may become acidic, basic or neutral.
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