Moderate

According to Janis, F. Kennedy's Bay of Pigs failure was caused in large part by:

Correct answer: B. group think

  • A. brain storming
  • B. group think
  • C. the self- censorship effect
  • D. the expert power effect

Explanation

Janis used the Bay of Pigs invasion as a classic example of groupthink, in which the desire for group agreement suppresses criticism and careful evaluation of alternatives. Self-censorship is one symptom of groupthink, not the broader diagnosis.

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