A study finds that use of an insecticide-treated bed net is associated with fewer malaria cases. Which finding most strongly supports a causal relationship?
Correct answer: C. The association persists after important confounders are controlled
- A. The association is seen only in one small village
- B. Malaria occurred before bed nets were introduced
- C. The association persists after important confounders are controlled
- D. People who use bed nets also report more health visits
Explanation
An association that remains after controlling for important confounding factors provides stronger evidence that the exposure may have a causal role. Association alone does not prove causation, especially when other differences may explain the result.
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About Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Epidemiology examines the distribution and causes of disease by person, place and time, using measures such as incidence, prevalence, mortality and case-fatality rates. Biostatistics covers data presentation, sampling, averages, variability, probability and interpretation of study results, while distinguishing association from causation.
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50 free Epidemiology and Biostatistics MCQs from Community Health Nursing, each with the correct answer and an explanation. Unlimited attempts, no account needed.
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