A sigma bond is formed by
Correct answer: B. head on overlap of two orbitals along the axis joining the nuclei
- A. sideways overlap of two p orbitals
- B. head on overlap of two orbitals along the axis joining the nuclei
- C. the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
- D. attraction between two ions
Explanation
End on overlap concentrates electron density directly between the nuclei, which makes a sigma bond stronger than a pi bond and allows free rotation about it. Sideways overlap of parallel p orbitals gives a pi bond, with density above and below the internuclear axis. Every single bond is a sigma bond, and every multiple bond contains exactly one.
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About Sigma and Pi Bonds
A sigma bond forms by direct end-to-end overlap along the internuclear axis, whereas a pi bond forms by sideways overlap of parallel orbitals. The topic covers single, double and triple bonds, bond composition, restricted rotation and the relation between sigma and pi bonding and orbital hybridisation.
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