A reaction in which catalyst is used is called catalysis. Which of the following is an example of heterogeneous catalysis?
Correct answer: A. A. The oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3) using vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5) as a catalyst.
- A. A. The oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3) using vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5) as a catalyst.
- B. B. The esterification of acetic acid with ethanol using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst.
- C. C. The decomposition of ozone (O3) using nitric oxide (NO) as a catalyst.
- D. D. The hydrogenation of ethylene (C2H4) using a platinum catalyst.
Explanation
Heterogeneous catalysis occurs when the catalyst and the reactants are in different phases. In option A, the catalyst V2O5 is a solid, while the reactants SO2 and O2 are gases, making it a correct example of heterogeneous catalysis. Options B and C are examples of homogeneous catalysis because all species involved are in the same phase. Option D describes a scenario of heterogeneous catalysis but was not the correct choice according to this specific question context.
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Reaction kinetics relates reaction rate to concentration, temperature, surface area and catalysts. Questions cover rate laws, reaction order, rate constants, activation energy and the activated complex, including how a catalyst lowers the activation energy without changing the overall energy change or equilibrium position.
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