A patient becomes restless after surgery. The nurse observes the behaviour, asks what the patient is experiencing and confirms the meaning before choosing an intervention. Which nursing theory is most closely reflected?

A nurse asks a patient how traditional beliefs affect food choices, illness explanations and acceptance of treatment before developing a care plan. Which theory most directly guides this assessment?

A newly qualified nurse follows unit protocols closely, needs support to set priorities and has difficulty seeing the whole clinical situation. In Benner's model, which stage best describes this nurse?

A nursing instructor explains that a conceptual model usually provides broad concepts and relationships, while a theory gives more specific explanations that can guide testing and practice. Which conclusion is correct?

A nurse caring for a patient with severe burns limits unnecessary activity, maintains body temperature and supports adequate nutrition. Which principle of Levine's model is most directly applied?

Which statement best represents the purpose of Abdellah's twenty-one nursing problems?

A patient with advanced cancer says, "I feel alone because nobody understands what this illness means to me." The nurse explores the patient's suffering and helps the patient find meaning in the experience. Which theorist is most associated with this approach?