A p-orbital has_ energy than the s-orbital of same principal quantum number

Explanation

Note: Energy of subshell α(n+ ℓ), Energy order s<p<d< I The correct option is b) Higher. An s-orbital has lower energy than a p-orbital of the same principal quantum number. Lower is incorrect because, as mentioned above, the p-orbital has higher energy than the s-orbital. Equal is incorrect because the energy of an s-orbital is lower than that of a p-orbital. They are not equal in energy. Vary orbit to orbit is incorrect because the comparison is between the s-orbital and the p-orbital of the same principal quantum number. While energy levels may vary between different orbitals within the same subshell (such as between px, py, and pz orbitals), the energy of the s-orbital is consistently lower than the energy of the p-orbital. This difference in energy arises from the different shapes and orientations of the orbitals. The s-orbital is spherically symmetric and has a lower energy, while the p-orbitals have a dumbbell shape and are oriented along the x, y, and z axes, resulting in higher energy.