A fraction of internal energy is due to molecular vibration, which is different in different states of matter. Which of the following gives the correct order of fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration?
Correct answer: C. Solid > liquid > gas
- A. Solid > gas > liquid
- B. Gas > liquid > solid
- C. Solid > liquid > gas
- D. Gas > solid < liquid
Explanation
Solids have the greatest fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration, followed by liquids and then gases. In solids, the molecules are tightly packed and have the smallest amount of kinetic energy, resulting in a greater fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration. In liquids, the molecules have more kinetic energy and can move around more freely, resulting in a smaller fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration. In gases, the molecules have the highest kinetic energy and are free to move around and collide with each other, resulting in the smallest fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration.
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About Molar Specific Heat of a Gas
Molar specific heat is the heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a gas by one kelvin, expressed through Q = nCΔT. Questions compare the constant volume value Cv with the constant pressure value Cp, apply the ideal gas relation Cp − Cv = R, and identify how the thermodynamic process affects heat capacity.
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