13) The escape velocity of a body in the gravitational field of Earth is independent of: (Work, Power & Energy, escape velocity)

Explanation

Explanation: Escape velocity is the minimum speed an object needs to reach to overcome Earth's gravity and escape its gravitational pull, reaching an infinite distance. It depends on only two factors:Mass of the Earth (M): A larger Earth has a stronger gravitational pull, requiring a higher escape velocity for objects to escape.Universal gravitational constant (G): This constant determines the strength of gravitational interactions and affects the escape velocity for all objects. Therefore, the escape velocity is independent of the following:(a) The mass of the object: The escape velocity is a property of the gravitational field and does not depend on the mass of the object trying to escape.(b) The angle at which it is thrown: The angle of launch only affects the trajectory of the object after reaching escape velocity, not the velocity itself. Any angle that provides sufficient speed can achieve escape.(c) Both its mass and the angle at which it is thrown: As explained above, neither the object's mass nor the launch angle influences the escape velocity.(d) The gravitational field of Earth: The question specifies the escape velocity in Earth's gravitational field. If another gravitational field were considered, the escape velocity would change due to its different mass and gravitational strength.