Elimination reactions of alkyl halides are favoured over substitution by
Correct answer: A. a high concentration of a strong base, a non aqueous solvent and a higher temperature
- A. a high concentration of a strong base, a non aqueous solvent and a higher temperature
- B. dilute aqueous conditions at room temperature
- C. the use of a weak nucleophile in water
- D. cooling the mixture in ice
Explanation
Elimination has the higher activation energy and produces more particles, so heat and a strong base in ethanol push the reaction that way, while water and mild conditions favour substitution. The two pathways always compete, and a given reaction usually produces some of both products. Tertiary halides eliminate most readily because the carbon is too crowded for substitution.
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About Elimination Reactions
Elimination reactions remove a leaving group and a hydrogen atom from adjacent carbon atoms to form an alkene. The topic covers dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, E1 and E2 mechanisms, the role of base, solvent and substrate structure, and Zaitsev orientation, which is often contrasted with substitution.
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