Which of the following substitutents is an Ortho and Para director and ring deactivating?

Explanation

In electrophilic aromatic substitution, the nature of the substituent on the benzene ring plays a crucial role in determining the position of new substituents and the reactivity of the ring. Ortho-para directors are groups that direct incoming electrophiles to the 2, 4 (ortho, para) positions. While most ortho-para directors are activating, -Cl is an exception as it directs due to resonance but deactivates due to a strong inductive effect. This means it reduces the overall reactivity of the benzene ring but still allows for substitution at ortho and para positions.In contrast, -OH and -NH2 groups are strong activators, and -OCH3 is moderately activating; all increase the reactivity of the benzene ring and direct electrophiles to ortho and para positions without deactivating the ring.