Which derivative of benzene shows maximum reactivity in electrophilic substitution reactions?
Correct answer: B. Methyl benzene
- A. Benzoic acid
- B. Methyl benzene
- C. Benzaldehyde
- D. Nitrobenzene
Explanation
Activating groups increase the reactivity of electrophilic substitutions, whereas deactivating groups decrease it.Activating groups are (from most activating to least): -NH2, -NR2 > -OH, -OR> -NHCOR> -CH3 and other alkyl groups, where R is an alkyl group.Deactivating groups are (from most deactivating to least): -NO2, -CF3> -COR (COR can be both carboxylic acids or aldehydes), -CN, -CO2R, -SO3H > Halogens.Among the options, only B describes benzene with an activating group so, it is correct. All other options describe deactivating groups as one can see from the lists mentioned.
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About Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
Benzene has a planar ring of delocalised π electrons, giving aromatic stability and equal carbon-carbon bond lengths. The topic covers resonance, electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration, halogenation, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reactions, along with substituent effects and the distinction between substitution in benzene and addition in ordinary alkenes.
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