Which derivative of benzene shows maximum reactivity in electrophilic substitution reactions?
Correct answer: B. Methyl benzene
- A. Benzoic acid
- B. Methyl benzene
- C. Benzaldehyde
- D. Nitrobenzene
Explanation
Activating groups increase the reactivity of electrophilic substitutions, whereas deactivating groups decrease it.Activating groups are (from most activating to least): -NH2, -NR2 > -OH, -OR> -NHCOR> -CH3 and other alkyl groups, where R is an alkyl group.Deactivating groups are (from most deactivating to least): -NO2, -CF3> -COR (COR can be both carboxylic acids or aldehydes), -CN, -CO2R, -SO3H > Halogens.Among the options, only B describes benzene with an activating group so, it is correct. All other options describe deactivating groups as one can see from the lists mentioned.
This question appeared on the UHS MDCAT 2019 paper, which you can sit online with every answer explained.
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About Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
Benzene has a planar ring of delocalised π electrons, giving aromatic stability and equal carbon-carbon bond lengths. The topic covers resonance, electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration, halogenation, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reactions, along with substituent effects and the distinction between substitution in benzene and addition in ordinary alkenes.
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