Free Kingdom Plantae MCQs with Answers

241. Examples of Psilopsida are:

• A. Psilotum
• B. Lycopodium
• C. Both Psilotum and Lycopodium
• D. None of the given options

Explanation: Psilotum belongs to Psilopsida. Psilotum belongs to Psilopsida. Psilotum is a genus of fern-like vascular plants. It is one of two genera in the family Psilotaceae commonly known as whisk ferns. They are generally referred to as whisk ferns, due to their resemblance to whiskbrooms. Whisk ferns are unique in that they lack true roots but instead possess underground stems known as rhizomes, which possess rhizoids for anchorage.

242. Followings are the visible parts of Angiosperm .

• A. Spores
• B. Capsule
• C. Gametophyte
• D. None of these

Explanation: The visible part of angiosperms is the sporophyte, but none of the given options fit. A sporophyte is the diploid (2n), spore-producing multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga that exhibits alternation of generations

243. The flower of family gramineae process contain two scales below ovary which are called:

• A. Glumes
• B. Lemma and palea
• C. Lodicule
• D. Rochella

Explanation: In the family Gramineae, which is now commonly referred to as Poaceae, the reproductive structure is not a typical flower with petals, sepals, and ovary, but rather a specialized structure called a spikelet. In a grass spikelet, there are indeed two scales (bracts) called glumes located at the base, below the florets. The florets are the individual flowers within the spikelet. Each floret typically consists of palea and lemma, which are also specialized bracts associated with the reproductive structures.

244. Which one of the following is a vascular cryptogam?

• A. Ginkgo
• B. Marchantia
• C. Cedrus
• D. Equisetum

Explanation: (d) : Pteridophytes are known as vascular cryptogams (Gk Kryptos = hidden + gamos= wedded). They reproduce by spores rather than seeds.They are the first vascular land plant. The pteridophyte Equisetum belongs to the Class Sphenophtya. All vegetative parts of itpossess vascular tissues (i.e. hadsone equivalent to xylem and leptosome equivalent to phloem) organized in definite groups of steles.

245. Mannitol is the stored food in:

• A. Porphyra
• B. Fucus
• C. Gracillaria
• D. Chara

Explanation: (b) : Fucus is a brown algae i.e. belongs to Class Phaeophyta. In this alga the accumulation product of photosynthesis is D­mannitol (a sugar alcohol) and the reserve food material is laminarin.

246. In the prothallus of a vascular cryptogam, the antherozoids and eggs mature at different times. As a result:

• A. There is high degree of sterility
• B. One can conclude that the plant is apomictic
• C. Self fertilization is prevented
• D. There is no change in success rate of fertilization.

Explanation: (c) : In the prothallus of vascular cryptogams the antherozoids and eggs mature at different times. The spores on germination give rise to the prothallus. The antherozoids are biflagellated or multiflagellated. The egg is produced inside the venter, water is essential for fertilization and it is always cross­ fertilization. Self-fertilization is prevented.

247. Peat moss is used as a packing material for sending flowers and live plants to distant places because:

• A. It serves as a disinfectant
• B. It is easily available
• C. It is hygroscopic
• D. It reduces transpiration

Explanation: (c) : The partially decomposed Sphagnum mass accumulates to form a compressed mass called peat, which after drying is used as coal. So it is also called peat moss. Sphagnum has the capacity to retain water for long periods and thus it is used to cover plant roots during transportation.

248. Ectophloic siphonostele is found in

• A. Osmunda and Equisetum
• B. Marsilea and Botrychium
• C. Adiantum and Cucurbitaceae
• D. Dicksonia and Maiden hair fern.

Explanation: a. Osmunda includes various species of ferns, such as the royal fern, which exhibit an ectophloic siphonostele. This means that their primary phloem surrounds the primary xylem, which is a characteristic of some ferns. Equisetum refers to horsetails, a different group of vascular plants. While horsetails do exhibit a siphonostele, they have a different vascular arrangement. Some horsetails, like Equisetum arvense, have a protostele (central vascular cylinder), which is not the same as an ectophloic siphonostele. The other options do not accurately describe plants with ectophloic siphonosteles: b. Marsilea and Botrychium: Marsilea and Botrychium are fern genera, but they are not typically associated with ectophloic siphonosteles. They have different vascular arrangements. c. Adiantum and Cucurbitaceae: Adiantum is the genus of maidenhair ferns. While they are ferns, they do not typically have ectophloic siphonosteles. Cucurbitaceae refers to the gourd or squash family of flowering plants. These are not ferns and do not have siphonosteles. d. Dicksonia and Maiden hair fern: Dicksonia is a genus of tree ferns that may have complex vascular tissues, but not necessarily ectophloic siphonosteles. Maiden hair fern (Adiantum) was mentioned earlier and is not typically associated with ectophloic siphonosteles. Again, the correct answer is Osmunda and Equisetum, as these ferns exhibit ectophloic siphonosteles in their vascular tissue arrangement.

249. Top­shaped multiciliate male gametes and the mature seed which bears only one embryo with two cotyledons, are characterised features of

• A. Cycads
• B. Conifers
• C. Polypetalous angiosperms
• D. Gamopetalous angiosperms

Explanation: a. Cycas is an evergreen palm-like plant. The plant body is sporophytic differentiated into root, stem, and leaves, sexual reproduction is of oogamous type takes place by the fusion of distinct male and female gametes. The male and female gametes are formed by the germination of microspores and megaspores which are borne on microsporophylls and megasporophylls. These microspores germinate to form a male gametophyte that produces male gametes. The male gametes of Cycas are the largest (300 m) in nature, visible to the naked eye, oval in form, and top-shaped. It is spirally coiled in the anterior half with thousands of small cilia. After fertilization, the ovule is connected to a seed. In the endosperm of seed lies a well-developed embryo having two cotyledons, a plumule, and a radicle.Cycads are gymnosperms characterized by having top-shaped multiciliate male gametes. These male gametes have many hair-like projections, which aid in fertilization. Additionally, cycads typically produce seeds with a single embryo and multiple cotyledons. b.Conifers, on the other hand, usually have seeds with a single embryo and two cotyledons, and their male gametes are not multiciliate. Conifers do not have top-shaped multiciliate male gametes. They produce male gametes in the form of pollen grains containing non-ciliate sperm cells. c. This term refers to angiosperms (flowering plants) with separate or distinct petals on their flowers. Angiosperms typically have seeds with two cotyledons, but they do not produce top-shaped multiciliate male gametes. d. This term refers to angiosperms with fused petals. Angiosperms usually have seeds with two cotyledons, but they do not produce top-shaped multiciliate male gametes.

250. Ulothrix filaments produce

• A. Heterogametes
• B. Basidiospores
• C. Isogametes
• D. Anisogametes

Explanation: c. Ulothrix filaments produce isogametes. Isogametes are gametes that are of similar size and morphology, and they can fuse to form a zygote during the reproductive process in Ulothrix. This is a common mode of sexual reproduction in some algae and other simple organisms. Other options are explained below: a. Heterogametes: Heterogametes are gametes that differ in size or structure. In Ulothrix, the gametes are isogametes, so this option is not applicable. b. Basidiospores: Basidiospores are a type of spore produced by fungi, particularly basidiomycetes. Ulothrix is an alga, not a fungus, so it doesn't produce basidiospores. d. Anisogametes: Anisogametes are gametes that differ in size or shape. In Ulothrix, the gametes are isogametes, so this option is not applicable.