Moderate

The equilibrium, solid ⇌ liquid ⇌ gas will shift in the forward direction when

Correct answer: A. Temperature is raised

  • A. Temperature is raised
  • B. Temperature is constant
  • C. Temperature is lowered
  • D. Pressure is increased

Explanation

The equilibrium involving solid, liquid, and gas phases described here is an endothermic process. Raising the temperature provides the energy needed for the solid to transition into liquid and subsequently into gas, shifting the equilibrium to the right. This supports the forward direction of the reaction. In contrast, keeping the temperature constant or lowering it does not provide the energy required for the endothermic process, hence the equilibrium remains unchanged or shifts left. Pressure changes have no significant effect on this solid-liquid-gas equilibrium, as they primarily impact equilibria involving gases with differing moles.

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About Chemical Equilibrium

Reversible reactions reach dynamic equilibrium when forward and reverse rates become equal, and Le Chatelier's principle predicts the effect of changing concentration, pressure or temperature. The chapter also covers solubility product, the common ion effect, buffer action and the conditions used in Haber's process, with equilibrium shifts distinguished from changes in the equilibrium constant.

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