In national income accounting, the value-added method avoids double counting by adding the value of:

Correct answer: B. Output at each stage minus intermediate inputs

  • A. Final goods sold to households and firms
  • B. Output at each stage minus intermediate inputs
  • C. Intermediate goods purchased by producers
  • D. All goods traded in domestic markets

Explanation

Value added equals the value of an industry's output minus the cost of intermediate inputs. Adding total sales of intermediate and final goods would count the same production more than once.

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Pakistan's economy is examined through agriculture, industry, services, trade, remittances, employment, population, poverty and regional development. The topic also covers GDP and national income, inflation, fiscal and monetary policy, taxation, public debt, the balance of payments, energy constraints and structural challenges, including the role of the State Bank and development planning.

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