Carbonyl group undergoes:

Explanation

t, the carbonyl group (C=O) undergoes nucleophilic addition reactions rather than electrophilic addition reactions. In a nucleophilic addition reaction, a nucleophile (electron-rich species) attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the carbonyl group, leading to the formation of a new bond and subsequent addition of the nucleophile. One of the most common nucleophilic addition reactions involving carbonyl compounds is the reaction with a nucleophilic reagent, such as a primary or secondary amine. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the amine attacks the carbon atom of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of an imine or a Schiff base. Another important nucleophilic addition reaction is the reaction of carbonyl compounds with nucleophilic organometallic reagents, such as Grignard reagents or organolithium compounds. The nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon, breaking the carbon-oxygen double bond and forming a new carbon-carbon bond. This reaction is commonly used to synthesize alcohols, as the addition of water or an alcohol source after the initial reaction generates the alcohol product. Other nucleophiles, such as hydride ions (H-) or cyanide ions (CN-), can also add to the carbonyl carbon, resulting in the formation of alcohols (via reduction) or cyanohydrin derivatives, respectively. These are just a few examples of nucleophilic addition reactions involving the carbonyl group. The specific reaction conditions and mechanisms can vary depending on the nature of the carbonyl compound and the nucleophile used. In a carbonyl group, -CHO, the carbon is double bonded to an oxygen which is electronegative and so it pulls electron density, acquiring a partial negative charge. At the same time, the carbon acquires a partial positive charge. Nucleophiles are electron donors so they prefer the electron-deficient carbon centre and attack it. Furthermore, carbonyls undergo addition reactions because the double bond between Carbon and Oxygen can break, setting an electron free to bond with another group, the nucleophile. We can therefore establish that carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, hence, option B is correct.