Free Kingdom Plantae MCQs with Answers

401. The smallest gametophyte is present in:

• A. Adiantum
• B. Funaria
• C. Marchantia
• D. Angiosperms

Explanation: Angiosperms, also called flowering plants, are about 300,000 species of flowering plants, the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae. The smallest and least complex gametophytes are those of flowering plants.

402. Heterospory occur in:

• A. Selaginella
• B. Equisetum
• C. Lycopodium
• D. Lepidodendron

Explanation: The phenomenon of the development of two types of spores (differing in size, structure, and function) by the same species is known as heterospory. Selaginella is the sole genus of vascular plants in the family Selaginellaceae, the spikemosses or lesser club mosses. All species of Selaginella are heterosporous; that is, they produce spores of two sizes, the larger designated as megaspores and the smaller as microspores. The megaspores develop into female gametophytes and the microspores into male gametophytes.

403. The tissues present in anglosperms but absent in gymnosperms are:

• A. Vessels
• B. Companion cells
• C. Sieve tubes
• D. Both (a) and (b)

Explanation: The correct answer is both (a) and (b). Angiosperms have unique vascular tissues, such as vessels and companion cells, which are not found in gymnosperms. Vessels are crucial for efficient water transport, while companion cells support sieve elements in carbohydrate transport. The lack of these specialized cells in gymnosperms affects their transport efficiency and growth habits. Sieve tubes, while part of the phloem in angiosperms, depend on companion cells, which are absent in gymnosperms, making option (c) incorrect.

404. Of the following the dioecous plant be:

• A. Sunflower
• B. Wheat
• C. Mulberry
• D. Maize

Explanation: Dioecious plants, such as Mulberry, have separate male and female individuals, meaning individual plants are either male or female, not both. This requires both male and female plants for reproduction. In contrast, Sunflower, Wheat, and Maize are monoecious, where each plant carries both male and female flowers, facilitating self-pollination or close proximity pollination without the need for separate male and female plants.

405. The main axis culminates in a flower and produces three or more daughter axis each of which continues the branching in similar manner is know as:

• A. Uniparous cyme
• B. Biparous cyme
• C. Multiparous cyme
• D. Cymose capitulum

Explanation: The correct answer is multiparous cyme. In this type, the main axis culminates in a flower and branches into three or more daughter axes, each of which can further branch in a similar manner. This is distinct from the uniparous cyme, which branches with only one daughter axis, and the biparous cyme, which branches with two. The cymose capitulum, on the other hand, is a different inflorescence type where the main axis is short and ends in a cluster of flowers, not characterized by branching.

406. The ripened & fertilized ovule is called:

• A. Fruit
• B. Seed
• C. Endosperm
• D. Perisperm

Explanation: The ripened and fertilized ovule is called a seed. Seeds are crucial for plant reproduction and consist of three main components: the embryo (future plant), the endosperm (nutrient provider), and the seed coat (protection). While a fruit is a mature ovary that houses seeds, it is not the seed itself. The endosperm is a part of the seed that nourishes the embryo, and perisperm, found in some seeds, is a residual nutritive tissue. These components play distinct roles within the seed structure but do not define the seed itself.

407. Rootless, stem-less and leafless plants are:

• A. Liverworts
• B. Mosses
• C. Psilopsida
• D. Onion

Explanation: The correct answer is Liverworts. Liverworts are the simplest form of non-vascular plants and lack true roots, stems, or leaves. They attach to surfaces using rhizoids and reproduce through spores.Mosses, while also non-vascular, have a more complex structure with a pseudo-stem and small leaves. Psilopsida, on the other hand, are primitive vascular plants, and onions are fully developed vascular plants with a distinct structure and seed-based reproduction.

408. The botanical name of deadly nightshade is:

• A. Atropa belladonna
• B. Taxus baccata
• C. Narcissus spp.
• D. Both (a) & (b)

Explanation: The correct answer is Atropa belladonna, which is the scientific name for deadly nightshade. This plant is part of the Solanaceae family, known for containing potent alkaloids such as atropine. The berries and foliage are highly toxic and can be fatal if ingested.Taxus baccata refers to the yew tree, which is toxic due to taxine alkaloids but is not related to the nightshade family.Narcissus spp. are daffodils, which are not poisonous in the same way and are unrelated to the nightshade family.The option 'Both (a) & (b)' is incorrect as it combines two distinct plants that are not both deadly nightshade.

409. The sprouting gametophyte of a moss consists of a filamentous, branched structure called:

• A. Mycelium
• B. Hyphae
• C. Protonema
• D. Bud

Explanation: Mycelium is part of the fungi kingdom and is the network of threads, called hyphae and a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot so option A, B and D are incorrect, leaving option C to be correct

410. Which seedless plant is a renewable source of energy ?

• A. Club moss
• B. Horsetail
• C. Sphagnum moss
• D. Fern

Explanation: Sphagnum moss because it can be used as carbon or coal for heating