Free Kingdom Fungi MCQs with Answers

181. Reindeer moss is used as food for reindeer and some other large animals in:

• A. Arctic regions
• B. Boreal regions
• C. Sub-arctic regions
• D. Arctic, Sub-arctic, and boreal regions

Explanation: Answer is "Arctic, subarctic and boreal regions"Explanation: Reindeers are found in these areas and consume the fruticose lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) as fodder.

182. Some fungi are also used for:

• A. Bioabsorption
• B. Environmental degradation
• C. Bioremediation
• D. Biological control

Explanation: Bioremediation fungi are used to degrade and remove pollutants from the environment. They can be used to treat a variety of pollutants, including petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides.

183. Organisms of which ordering of the following kingdom has absorptive mode of nutrition?

• A. Prokaryotae
• B. Animalia
• C. Protoctista
• D. Fungi

Explanation: The kingdom Fungi is the correct answer. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that primarily obtain their nutrition through an absorptive mode of nutrition. They secrete enzymes externally onto their food source, which helps break down complex organic materials into simpler molecules. Once the organic matter is broken down, fungi absorb the nutrients directly into their cells. This external digestion and absorption of nutrients set fungi apart from other kingdoms and make them the organisms with the absorptive mode of nutrition in the options given.

184. Which of the following environmental conditions are essential for the optimum growth of Mucor on a piece of bread? A. Temperature of about 25° C B. Temperature of about 5° C C. Relative humidity of about 5% D. Relative humidity of about 95% E. A shady placeF. A brightly illuminated place Choose the answer from the following options.

• A. B, C and F only
• B. A, C and E only
• C. A, D and E only
• D. B, D and E only

Explanation: The environmental conditions essential for the optimum growth of Mucor on a piece of bread typically include: A. Temperature of about 25°C: Mucor tends to grow well at moderate temperatures. D. Relative humidity of about 95%: Mucor thrives in humid conditions. E. A shady place: Mucor prefers dark or shaded environments. Therefore, the correct answer is: A, D, and E only: These conditions are conducive to the growth of Mucor on bread. Options B and C are not typically favorable for the growth of Mucor. A low temperature (5°C) and low relative humidity (5%) are not ideal for its growth. Option F, a brightly illuminated place, is also not conducive to Mucor growth, as it prefers darkness or shade.

185. Columella is a specialized structure found in the sporangium of

• A. Spirogyra
• B. Ulothrix
• C. Rhizopus
• D. None of these.

Explanation: The specialized structure called "columella" is found in the sporangium of certain fungi, specifically in the genus Rhizopus. Let's examine each of the options and provide details:Spirogyra:Spirogyra is a type of filamentous green algae. It does not have sporangia or columellae. Instead, it reproduces through the formation of conjugation tubes.Ulothrix:Ulothrix is another type of filamentous green algae. Like Spirogyra, it lacks sporangia and columellae. It also reproduces through conjugation.Rhizopus:Rhizopus is a genus of fungi, and it is the correct answer. In the sporangium of Rhizopus, there is a specialized structure called a "columella." The columella is a sterile, central, thick-walled structure that helps in the dispersal of spores when the sporangium ruptures. It is a characteristic feature of the sporangia of Rhizopus and other related fungi.Correct Answer: Columella is a specialized structure found in the sporangium of "Rhizopus."Summary:Columella is a specific structure found in the sporangium of fungi belonging to the genus Rhizopus. It plays a role in the dispersal of spores when the sporangium ruptures. Spirogyra and Ulothrix are filamentous green algae and do not possess sporangia or columellae.

186. Puccinia forms uredia and :

• A. Telia on wheat leaves.
• B. Aecia on barberry leaves.
• C. Pycnia on barberry leaves.
• D. Aecia on wheat leaves.

Explanation: Puccinia forms uredia and telia on wheat leaves (a):This option is correct. Puccinia can indeed form both uredia and telia on wheat leaves. Uredia produces urediniospores, which can spread the infection within the same host, while telia are structures that produce teliospores, which are usually involved in the sexual reproduction of the fungus. Teliospores are typically found on alternate hosts.Puccinia forms aecia on barberry leaves (b):Aecia are reproductive structures in the life cycle of rust fungi, including Puccinia. They are usually found on the alternate host, which is often barberry. Aecia produce aeciospores that can infect the primary host (e.g., wheat). Therefore, aecia are not typically found on barberry leaves.Puccinia forms pycnia on barberry leaves (c):Pycnia are another type of reproductive structure in the rust fungus life cycle. They are involved in the sexual phase of reproduction but are not typically located on barberry leaves. Instead, pycnia are usually found on the alternate host, where they play a role in mating and initiating the formation of aecia.Puccinia forms aecia on wheat leaves (d):As mentioned earlier, aecia is not typically found on wheat leaves. They are typically produced on the alternate host, which is often barberry.Correct Answer: Puccinia forms uredia and telia on wheat leaves (a).Summary:Puccinia, a genus of rust fungi, forms uredia and telia on wheat leaves. Uredia produces urediniospores, which can spread the infection within the same host. Telia are involved in the sexual phase of the life cycle and produce teliospores. The formation of aecia, which produce aeciospores, typically occurs on an alternate host, such as barberry. The complex life cycle of Puccinia often requires both primary and alternate hosts for its completion.

187. The black rust of wheat is a fungal disease caused by

• A. Albugo candida
• B. Puccinia graminis tritici
• C. Melampsora lini
• D. Claviceps purpurea.

Explanation: Let's explain each option individually:a) Albugo candidaAlbugo candida, also known as white rust, is a fungal-like organism belonging to the group Oomycota. It causes a disease known as white rust in plants, primarily affecting members of the Brassicaceae family, such as mustard, cabbage, and radish. White rust symptoms include the appearance of white pustules or blisters on the plant's leaves and stems.b) Puccinia graminis tritici:This option is correct. Puccinia graminis tritici is the causal agent of black rust of wheat. It is a fungal pathogen that infects wheat and other cereal crops. The disease is characterized by the formation of black, elongated structures called "uredinia" on the leaves, which contain masses of dark-colored spores. Black rust can severely impact wheat yields if not properly managed.c) Melampsora lini:Melampsora lini is a fungal pathogen that causes rust disease in flax (Linum usitatissimum) plants. It is responsible for a disease known as flax rust, which can significantly reduce the yield and quality of flax crops.d) Claviceps purpurea:Claviceps purpurea is a fungus that causes ergot disease in various grasses, particularly in cereal crops like rye, wheat, and barley. The disease is characterized by the formation of hard, dark purple or black structures called ergot bodies on the heads of infected plants. Ergot disease can have severe consequences, both for crop yield and for human and animal health, as the ergot bodies contain toxic alkaloids.In summary, the correct answer is b) Puccinia graminis tritici. The black rust of wheat is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Puccinia graminis tritici, which can significantly affect wheat production and is a concern for farmers in managing the disease to protect their crops.

188. Which one of the following fungi contains hallucinogens?

• A. Morchella esculenta
• B. Amanita muscaria
• C. Neurospora sp.
• D. Ustilago sp.

Explanation: Amanita muscaria is a member of Class Basidiomycetes. It is a poisonous mushroom and has hallucinogenic properties. It produces a toxic alkaloid, muscarine, which mimics the effects of acetylcholine and binds to muscarinic receptors as well as ibotenic acid which also binds to different receptors. This leads to the excitation of neurons bearing these receptors and hence hallucinations.

189. An example of endomycorrhiza is:

• A. Nostoc
• B. Glomus
• C. Agaricus
• D. Rhizobium

Explanation: The genus Glomus forms endomycorrhiza, symbiotic associations with plants. The fungal symbiont in these associations absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant. Plants having such associations show other benefits, such as resistance to root-­borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.

190. Which of the following microorganisms is used for production of citric acid in industries?

• A. Aspergillus niger
• B. Rhizopus nigricans
• C. Lactobacillus bulgaris
• D. Penicillium citrinum

Explanation: Citric acid is obtained through the fermentation carried out by Aspergillus niger on sugary syrups. Citric acid is employed in dyeing, engraving, medicines, inks, flavoring, and preservation of food and candies.