Free Growth and Development MCQs with Answers

161. The science of aging is known as :

• A. Entomology
• B. Gerontology
• C. Icthyology
• D. Immunology
• E. Dactylography

Explanation: The science of aging is known as gerontology. Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging. It encompasses various fields, including biology, psychology, sociology, medicine, and public health, and seeks to understand the aging process, its impact on individuals and societies, and ways to improve the quality of life for older adults. Gerontology is concerned with the physical, mental, and social changes that occur as people grow older, as well as the societal implications of an aging population.Understanding the physiological changes that occur as people age, including changes in organ function, hormonal balance, and cellular processes.Advocating for policies and programs that support the needs and rights of older adults, as well as addressing issues related to retirement, pensions, and elder rights.Gerontology is a dynamic field that continues to evolve as our understanding of aging and older adults' needs expands. With an aging population in many parts of the world, the study of gerontology has become increasingly important for addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with an older demographic. Gerontologists work in various settings, including healthcare, social services, academia, government, and nonprofit organizations, to improve the well-being and quality of life of older adults.

162. Morula resembles a :

• A. Strawberry
• B. Cherry
• C. Ruspberry
• D. Mulberry
• E. All the incorrect

Explanation: Morula resembles a mulberry. Mulberries are small, sweet, and flavorful fruits that come from the Morus genus, which includes deciduous trees and shrubs. The most commonly consumed type of mulberry is the Morus alba, or white mulberry, although there are other species as well, including Morus rubra (red mulberry) and Morus nigra (black mulberry). Mulberries are enjoyed for their sweet taste and are often used fresh, dried, or in various culinary dishes.Mulberries are a good source of nutrients, including dietary fiber, vitamins (such as vitamin C, vitamin K, and vitamin A), minerals, and antioxidants. They have been associated with potential health benefits, including supporting the immune system, reducing oxidative stress, and improving heart health.Mulberries are typically in season during the summer months, and their flavor can vary depending on the species and ripeness. When selecting mulberries, look for ones that are plump, tender, and free from mold or signs of spoilage. Store them in the refrigerator and consume them within a few days for the best flavor and freshness.

163. Human embryo remains enclosed in:

• A. Amniotic sac
• B. Amnion
• C. Chorion
• D. Allantois

Explanation: The human embryo remains enclosed in the amnion, which is a protective sac filled with amniotic fluid. The amnion is one of the fetal membranes that develop during pregnancy.The amnion is the innermost layer that directly surrounds and protects the developing embryo.

164. Sex is determined after:

• A. 4-8 months
• B. 2-3 months
• C. 6-8 months
• D. 8 months

Explanation: Explanation for this question will be added soon.

165. Cells become variable in morphology and function in different regions of the embryo. The process is:

• A. Differentiation
• B. Metamorphosis
• C. Organisation
• D. Rearrangement

Explanation: The correct answer is "a. differentiation." Here's an explanation of each option: a. Differentiation: Differentiation is the process by which cells in an embryo become specialized or take on specific roles and functions. During embryonic development, as cells divide and multiply, they start to change in structure and function to form the various types of cells and tissues needed for the different parts of the body. This process allows cells to become distinct, specialized cell types like muscle cells, nerve cells, and skin cells, each with their own unique morphology and function. b. Metamorphosis: Metamorphosis is a biological process typically associated with the transformation of an organism from one life stage to another, such as the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly. It's not a process that occurs during embryonic development. c. Organisation: Organization is a general concept and can refer to various processes in embryonic development. However, it does not specifically describe the process of cells becoming variable in morphology and function. Instead, organization may refer to how cells are arranged and interact to form tissues and organs. d. Rearrangement: Rearrangement suggests a process involving the movement or repositioning of cells or structures. While this can occur in embryonic development, it doesn't capture the full scope of how cells become variable in morphology and function. Summary and hints: During embryonic development, cells go through a process called "differentiation" to become specialized and take on specific roles and functions. Differentiation involves the transformation of undifferentiated cells into distinct cell types with unique structures and functions. Metamorphosis is not related to embryonic development but typically refers to transformations in the life cycle of certain organisms. Organization and rearrangement are processes that can occur during embryonic development, but they don't directly address the concept of cells becoming variable in morphology and function. n the context of the question, "differentiation" is the most relevant and accurate option for describing how cells become variable in morphology and function during embryonic development.

166. Which meristem helps in increasing girth?

• A. Lateral meristem
• B. Intercalary meristem
• C. Primary meristem
• D. Apical meristem

Explanation: The meristem that helps in increasing girth is the lateral meristem. The lateral meristem is responsible for lateral growth of the plant i.e., growth in thickness e.g., cambium and cork cambium. It divides only periclinally or radially and is responsible for the increase in girth or diameter.

167. Cork is formed from:

• A. Cork cambium (phellogen)
• B. Vascular cambium
• C. Phloem
• D. Xylem

Explanation: In hypodermis or outer cortical cells, a layer becomes meristematic which is known as cork cambium or phellogen. This phellogen also cuts off cells both on its outer side and inner side. The cells cut off on the outer side are phellem or cork cells and cells cut off on the inner side are phelloderms or secondary cortex. The phellem or cork cells are dead and have deposition of a fatty substance called suberin (i.e., cork cells are suberized). Suberin is impervious to water and these cork cells are buoyant (i.e., float on water). Phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm collectively constitute periderm.

168. Pith and cortex do not differentiate in:

• A. Monocot stem
• B. Dicot stem
• C. Monocot root
• D. Dicot root.

Explanation: The ground tissues in the dicot stem are well differentiated into the cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and pith but are undifferentiated in the monocot stem. The dicot stem has a pith with thin-walled parenchymatous cells but the monocot stem lacks it. Primary dicot root has no or reduced pith, whereas a large pith, sometimes sclerenchymatous, is present in the monocot root.

169. Organisation of stem apex into corpus and tunica is determined mainly by:

• A. Planes of cell division
• B. Regions of meristematic activity
• C. Rate of cell growth
• D. Rate of shoot tip growth

Explanation: The tunica corpus concept was given by Schmidt (1924) which was based on a plane of divisions of cells. According to this concept, there are two portions in shoot apex­tunica and corpus. The tunica shows only anticlinical divisions and thus it is responsible for surface growth. The corpus shows divisions in all planes and is thus responsible for volume growth.

170. Out of diffuse-porous and ring-porous woods, which is correct?

• A. Ring porous wood carries more water for short period
• B. Diffuse porous wood carries more water
• C. Ring porous wood carries more water when need is higher
• D. Diffuse porous wood is less specialised but conducts water rapidly throughout

Explanation: Ring-porous wood carries more water when the need is higher. Ring porous wood provides better translocation when the requirement of the plant is greater. Hence, it is more advanced than diffuse-porous wood.