Free Biodiversity and Variety of Life MCQs with Answers

3031. An organism that adopts saprophytic mode of nutrition during part of its life is called:

• A. Facultative saprophyte
• B. Facultative parasite
• C. Obligate saprophyte
• D. Obligate parasite

Explanation: Saprophytic is the mode of nutrition in which organisms feed on dead and decayed matter, a facultative saprophyte ia a mainly parasitic organism with the ability to survive for a part of its life cycle as a saprophyte, therefore the answer will be A.

3032. Yeast belongs to the phylum

• A. Zygomycota
• B. Ascomycota
• C. Basidiomycota
• D. Deutromycota

Explanation: Yeasts are unicellular fungi that reproduce asexually by budding. They are commonly classified within the phylum Ascomycota.

3033. Nuclear mitosis occurs in the kingdom of

• A. Monera
• B. Protista
• C. Plantae
• D. Fungi

Explanation: In the kingdom Fungi, nuclear mitosis is a distinctive feature. Unlike other kingdoms, the mitotic spindle forms inside the nuclear envelope, which remains intact during mitosis. This is known as intranuclear mitosis. In contrast, in the kingdom Monera, organisms are prokaryotic and do not perform mitosis. Protista includes eukaryotic organisms that undergo mitosis, but not specifically nuclear mitosis. In the kingdom Plantae, the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis, and the spindle fibers form in the cytoplasm, not within the nucleus.

3034. Rust and smut belong to the phylum

• A. zygomycota
• B. ascomycota
• C. basidiomycota
• D. deuteromycota

Explanation: Rust and smut diseases are caused by fungi that belong to the phylum Basidiomycota. These fungi are known for producing complex fruiting bodies and are significant plant pathogens. The other options, Zygomycota and Ascomycota, include fungi that play different roles in the ecosystem, such as decomposing organic matter or forming mutualistic relationships. Deuteromycota, meanwhile, is an outdated classification for fungi with unknown sexual stages and does not specifically cater to rust and smut pathogens.

3035. Microsporum furfur causes:

• A. Athlete's foot
• B. Ringworm
• C. Dandruff
• D. None of these

Explanation: Microsporum furfur is a fungus that can cause ringworm, a type of dermatophyte infection. It affects the keratinized tissues like skin, hair, and nails. Athlete's foot is associated with Trichophyton fungi, and dandruff is linked to Malassezia. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Ringworm.

3036. Sea-fungi is related to:

• A. Zygomycota
• B. Ascomycota
• C. Basidiomycota
• D. Deuteromycota

Explanation: Sea fungi are related to Basidiomycota.Basidiomycota is a phylum of fungi that includes many well-known groups, such as mushrooms, toadstools, and puffballs. They are often found in various terrestrial habitats, including forests, grasslands, and gardens, but some species can also be found in marine environments, particularly in coastal regions or submerged wood. Sea fungi within the phylum Basidiomycota have adapted to thrive in saltwater and are capable of breaking down and decomposing marine plant material.About 444 species of marine fungi have been described, including 10 species of basidiomycetes, and 360 species of ascomycetes. The remainder of the marine fungi are chytrids and mitosporic or asexual fungi.Reference; Species of Higher Marine Fungi Archived 2013-04-22 at the Wayback Machine University of Mississippi.

3037. Black bread mold is:

• A. Rhizopus
• B. Penicillium
• C. Mucor
• D. Yeast

Explanation: Black bread mold is Rhizopus.Rhizopus is a common genus of fungi that includes species responsible for causing the black bread mold. It is known for its rapid growth on bread and other food items, especially under warm and humid conditions. The black coloration of the mold is due to its spore-bearing structures, called sporangia, which release black spores as they mature. Rhizopus can spoil food and, in certain cases, may cause infections if the spores are inhaled or come into contact with open wounds.Rhizopus stolonifer is more commonly known as black bread mold. Rhizopus specifically means any rot causing fungi.

3038. An Ascus develops:

• A. 2-Ascospores
• B. 4-Ascospores
• C. 6-Ascospores
• D. 8-Ascospores

Explanation: Typically, a single ascus will contain eight ascospores which are produced by meiosis followed by a mitotic division.

3039. Basidiomycota is also called as:

• A. Club-mosses
• B. Club-fungi
• C. Sac-fungi
• D. Bread mold

Explanation: Basidiomycota is a large and diverse phylum of fungi that includes jelly and shelf fungi; mushrooms, puffballs, and stinkhorns; certain yeasts; and rusts and smuts. Most species reproduce sexually with a club-shaped spore-bearing organ (basidium) that usually produces four sexual spores (basidiospores). They are also known as club fungi because of their club-shaped basidia. They are an important group with about 16,000 known species.

3040. Basidiocarp is formed in the:

• A. Secondary mycelium
• B. Primary mycellum
• C. Tertiary mycelium
• D. Pathogenic parasites

Explanation: Basidiocarp, in fungi, is a large sporophore, or fruiting body, in which sexually produced spores are formed on the surface of club-shaped structures (basidia). Basidiocarps are found among the members of the phylum Basidiomycota. The tertiary mycelium is simply an organized mass of secondary mycelium. It is a morphologically complex tissue and forms structures such as the typically mushroom-shaped basidiocarps commonly seen in nature.