Asked in a 1992 paper

Takatoshi Ito (1992) contends that parliamentary governments manipulate the timing of _____ while presidential governments manipulate the timing of _____?

Correct answer: B. elections; economics policies

  • A. monetary policy, fiscal policy
  • B. elections; economics policies
  • C. economic policies; political policies
  • D. tax collection, tax implementation

Explanation

The distinction concerns political business cycles: parliamentary governments may time elections around economic conditions, while presidential governments manipulate economic policy timing to influence voters. Therefore, the sequence is elections followed by economic policies.

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