Nitration of phenol takes place at ---------- than benzene.
Correct answer: B. Faster rate
- A. Slower rate
- B. Faster rate
- C. Equal rate
- D. Moderate rate
Explanation
Nitration of phenol occurs at a faster rate than benzene due to the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) group in phenol. This -OH group is an ortho/para-directing group, which enhances the electrophilic substitution reaction at the ortho and para positions on the phenol ring. As a result, nitration of phenol proceeds more rapidly than benzene, which lacks such activating and directing groups.
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About Phenols
Phenols contain a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aromatic ring, making them more acidic than alcohols because the phenoxide ion is resonance-stabilised. Reactions include ionisation with bases, electrophilic substitution, bromination, nitration and oxidation, with attention to the difference between phenols and aliphatic alcohols.
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